Almost every Windows shortcut exists on the Mac with ⌘ in place of Ctrl. The exceptions are the ones that matter most in the first week: the window keys, Home and End, and a few that changed letters.

WindowsMacNotes
Ctrl+C / X / V⌘C / ⌘X / ⌘VPaste without formatting: ⌥⇧⌘V
Ctrl+Z / Ctrl+Y⌘Z / ⇧⌘ZRedo is Shift+⌘Z, not ⌘Y
Ctrl+A, S, F, P, N, O⌘ + the same letterSave As: ⇧⌘S
Ctrl+T / W, Ctrl+Shift+T⌘T / ⌘W, ⇧⌘TTabs. ⌃Tab cycles tabs, same as Windows
Ctrl+L⌘LAddress bar
Ctrl+plus / minus / 0⌘ + the sameZoom
F5, Ctrl+R⌘RReload. Finder has no refresh; it is live
Alt+F4⌘QQuits the whole app. ⌘W closes one window
Alt+Tab⌘Tab (apps), ⌘` (windows of one app)No window-level switcher without a tool
Win+Arrowfn⌃← / → (macOS 15 and later)Halves. fn⌃F fills, fn⌃R restores
Win+DF11, or spread four fingersShow desktop
Win+E⌘Space, type FinderOr click the smiling face in the Dock
Win+L⌃⌘QLock screen
Win+Shift+S⇧⌘4Area screenshot; press Space for a window
Win+Vnone on macOS 15; ⌘Space then ⌘4 on macOS 26Clipboard history
Win+Tab⌃↑Mission Control: every window and desktop
Ctrl+Alt+Del⌥⌘EscForce Quit
Ctrl+Shift+EscActivity Monitor (an app)Task Manager
Ctrl+← / →⌥← / ⌥→Jump by word; add ⇧ to select
Ctrl+Backspace⌥⌫Delete a word
Home / End⌘← / ⌘→Line start and end
Ctrl+Home / End⌘↑ / ⌘↓Document start and end
F2Return (in Finder)Rename
Delete (a file)⌘⌫Move to Trash. ⇧⌘⌫ empties it
Alt+Enter⌘IGet Info, the Properties window
Alt+↑⌘↑Up one folder
Ctrl+Shift+N⇧⌘NNew folder
Type a path⇧⌘GGo to Folder, in Finder and in Open and Save dialogs
Preview a fileSpaceQuick Look
Settings of the app⌘,Every Mac app
Minimize⌘M⌘H hides the whole app, which surprises people
Run dialog⌘SpaceSpotlight opens apps, finds files, does arithmetic