How do I add a printer on a Mac?

System Settings → Printers & Scanners → Add Printer, Scanner or Fax…. The list that opens shows every printer on the network and any plugged into USB; select one, click Add, and macOS fetches whatever it needs. Most printers made since 2010 speak AirPrint and need no driver at all.

A printer the list does not find: the IP tab, type its address (it is on the printer's own network page or menu), leave the protocol on AirPrint or IPP, Add.

The print queue opens from the printer's icon in the Dock while a job prints, or from Printers & Scanners → the printer → Printer Queue…; a job can be paused, resumed or deleted there. A printer that stops with "paused" resumes from the same window.

Duplex, paper trays and colour options are in the print dialog under the menu that first says the app's name; the dialog remembers a set of choices as a Preset.

Manufacturer apps and drivers are optional and usually add scanner features; the built-in scanning lives in the same Settings pane and in Image Capture, in Applications → Utilities.